فصلنامه پرستاری، مامایی و پیراپزشکی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پاییز 1401)

Cesarean section is the most common operation in women's life and Due to the importance of mother's experiences of childbirth, the purpose of this qualitative study is to explain the stress factors according to the experience of mothers during this surgery.

In this qualitative study that was conducted using conventional content analysis method, 8 cesarean section nulliparity women were randomly selected in Shahid Akbarabadi hospital, Tehran. Then, in addition to observation and library study, deep and semi-structured interviews were arranged for the participants based on the stressors and anxieties faced during cesarean section in operating room and the data were analyzed by using Graneheim & Lundman method.

After the analysis, 8 sub- themes and 3 themes were obtained. The three themes included mothers' lack of knowledge, staff's communication problems, and mother's psychological needs which are considered to be the main stress-causing factors in cesarean section pregnant mothers.

The results showed that many of the needs of primiparous mothers who come to the operating room for caesarean section are not answered.

During the corona pandemic, due to the shortage of nurses, increasing number of patients with Corona, and the volume of nursing care, the workload of nurses has increased. Nurses 'mental health can be a determining factor in nurses' work efficiency and quality of performance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between mental workload and the mental health of nurses caring for patients with Covid-19.

In this cross-sectional correlational study, 110 nurses working in educational and medical centers affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2021 participated and were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, mental workload questionnaire (NASA-TLX), and a self-report general health questionnaire (GHQ28) and analyzed by SPSS20 software using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. P<0.05 is considered significant.

The average overall score of nurses' workload was 65.3 ± 12.1, and the highest score related to physical pressure and the lowest score related to efficiency was 74.9 ± 20.3 and 27.6 ± 23.9, respectively. The average mental health score of the nurses was 29.8 ± 10.3, the highest average score was related to physical symptoms (12.8 ± 3.1) and the lowest was related to depression (4.9 ± 3.6). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between workload and mental health (r=0.217, P=0.001), workload and physical symptoms had a positive correlation (r=0.327 and P=0.013), and physical pressure and physical symptoms had a positive correlation (r = 0.203 and P = 0.001) and there is significance.

Based on the findings of the research, during the corona, the amount of mental workload increased and there was an inverse relationship between workload and mental health, that is, mental health decreases with increasing workload. Therefore, it is suggested that managers help control the workload and improve the mental health of nurses by thinking of measures.

 Depression is a common problem among young people that can affect their mental health. This study aimed to investigate the role of perseverative thinking and Cognitive-attentional syndrome in predicting students' depression.

 The current study is correlational. All students enrolled in the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the academic year 2021–2022 made up the research's statistical population. The research sample included 278 people selected by the cluster sampling method. The tools of this research included Ehring perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (2010), Wells' Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome Questionnaire (2009), and Beck Depression Questionnaire - Second Edition (1996). Analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of questionnaires, and was done through SPSS23 software and Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods.

 The research results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between perseverative thinking and depression (p<0.01) and between cognitive-attentional syndrome and depression (p<0.01) in students. Also, perseverative thinking and cognitive-attentional syndrome predict depression in students positively and significantly (p<0.01).

 This research shows the important role of perseverative thinking and cognitive-attentional syndrome to prevent the development of depression.

Considering that gestational diabetes can cause maternal and fetal problems, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of superficial back stroke massage on the physiological indicators of diabetic pregnant women admitted to Ba'ath Hospital, Sanandaj.

This research was a randomized clinical trial study. The study population consisted of all pregnant women with gestational diabetes admitted to the high-risk pregnancy department of Besat Sanandaj Hospital. The total sample size was estimated to be 92 people and the samples were selected based on the purpose and then randomly divided to two groups of 46 people, intervention and control. The data collection tool included demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, physiological index registration form. For the intervention group, in addition to routine interventions, superficial back stroke massage was performed for 4 days and every day for 10 minutes at 4-6 in the evening. The control group received only routine care. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software and chi-square, independent t-test, analysis of variance. p<0.05 was considered significant.

Before the intervention, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic, clinical and physiological indicators (P<0.05). After the intervention, physiological indicators including pulse (p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.024) and breathing (p=0.001) in the intervention group had a significant decrease compared to the control group. But after the intervention, there was no significant difference in body temperature between the two groups (p=0.285).

In women with gestational diabetes, superficial back stroke massage can be effectively used to improve physiological indicators.

Asthma is an airway disease that threatens the lives of more than millions of people .The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of stress and depression in people with asthma aged 18-55 years in Sanandaj.

The method of the present study was a case study and patients with asthma referred to the Asthma and Allergy Clinic were selected by convenience sampling method and by obtaining their satisfaction using the Cohen Stress and Beck Depression Inventory, the required data were collected.106 patients with asthma and 106 healthy individuals in the case and control groups were matched in terms of age and sex. In this study, absolute and relative frequencies were used to describe qualitative variables and mean and standard deviation were used to describe quantitative variables. Multiple logistic regression model was also used to investigate the relationship between asthma and stress and depression. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-test independently using SPSS software version 23.

According to the results of the multiple logistic regression model, by adjusting the effect of the studied demographic variables, a significant relationship between depression and asthma was observed (P=0.018); Accordingly, one unit increase in depression scores increases the odds of asthma by 10%. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between stress and asthma (P=0.684).

The results of the study show the high level of stress and depression in the examination group compared to the control group. Also, the variable of depression as a possible risk factor can increase the chance of developing asthma, which needs further investigation in future studies.

Anxiety and depression are common during pregnancy, but often ignored and not treated, and this issue causes many problems during and after pregnancy both for the mother and baby. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of anxiety and depression and its related factors in pregnant mothers who referred to clinics in Sanandaj city, 2017.

The present study is descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional). The study population included all pregnant women who referred to clinics in Sanandaj in 2017 and in this regard, 580 pregnant women completed the Spielberger Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventory by available sampling method. Data analysis was performed using spssv.18 as well as Pearson and Chi-square correlation coefficient.

The prevalence of overt and covert anxiety in pregnant women was moderate to high 23.4% and 27.9%, respectively, and the rate of moderate to severe depression was 15.3%. There was a significant inverse correlation between age and depression and anxiety (P <0.05).

According to the results of the study, which showed a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women, it is required to educate and create appropriate contexts for pregnant mothers to receive psychological treatments

Risks and complications caused by long-term exposure to ionizing radiation can reduce job satisfaction in radiologists. Improving the level of knowledge, attitude and performance can be effective in increasing their job satisfaction.  The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the job satisfaction of radiographers and its relationship with knowledge, attitude and performance towards the principles of radiation protection among radiographers in Sanandaj, 2018.

The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 63 radiologists working in the radiology departments of Sanandaj city. Sampling was done by census. The data was collected by using a demographic characteristics questionnaire, a job satisfaction questionnaire, and a questionnaire to measure the knowledge, attitude and performance of radiographers about the principles of radiation protection in radiographers. Data analysis was done using SPSS-16 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of the job satisfaction score was 82.90±12.50. There was no significant relationship between job satisfaction score with knowledge, attitude and practice. There was a statistically significant relationship between the average practice score and marital status(P=0.02), education(P=0.002) and employment status (P=0.009).

Despite the fact that the job satisfaction of radiation workers is desirable, it is necessary to take steps to maintain and improve the job satisfaction of radiation workers by paying more attention and facilitating the environmental and organizational factors of the workplace. It seems that in order to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and knowledge, attitude and performance parameters, more research with a larger sample size is needed.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems in women of childbearing age that often interferes with their work and social relationships. One of the theories proposed to cause the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome is environmental factors such as stress. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of hypnotherapy and virtual reality technology on the stress of premenstrual syndrome.

This clinical trial study was conducted on 90 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences who were suffering from premenstrual syndrome and were selected using  convenient sampling and then randomly assigned to three hypnotherapy groups (30 people), virtual reality technology group (30 people) and control group (30 people).Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaires, premenstrual syndrome screening and DASS21. Relaxation through virtual reality and hypnosis was implemented in 3 sessions in the test groups, and a post-test was taken one month after the completion of the sessions. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Tukey’s post hoc test with SPSS-24.

The average stress score in the intervention groups compared to the control group had a significant decrease (P<0.001), but in the comparison between the two intervention groups, no significant difference was observed between these two methods, and the role of each was equally effective in reducing stress(P=0.620).

Both hypnotherapy and virtual reality technology are effective in reducing stress. It is recommended to use hypnotherapy and virtual reality technology to control stress